
The Test of the Expected Conduct Paradox
A method to test negligence claims: if every alternative conduct would also be called a failure, the standard imposed on the agent is unattainable.
I'm Dr. Mário Junqueira, a Brazilian forensic physician and Penn Carey Law graduate. My expert work grounded a nationwide federal court ruling, helped pass a federal disability law later upheld by Brazil's Supreme Court, and became the model for a national judicial policy. I write and speak about medical error, health law and AI in medicine.
1,000+ expert opinions · cited by name by Brazil's Superior Court of Justice · cases in Brazil, the United States and Denmark

From the emergency room to the courtroom, and now to the study of law and artificial intelligence.
My path began in the emergency department, where a medical degree and long shifts taught me how immediate the consequences of clinical decisions are. That experience also exposed the gaps between medical practice and the legal and ethical frameworks meant to protect patients and physicians alike.
Recognizing the potential of merging medical and legal insight, I moved into forensic medicine to address disparities in healthcare justice. That work led me to found PericialMed, a medical-legal consultancy that has delivered more than 1,000 expert opinions to lawyers, companies and litigants across Brazil, with cases in the United States and Denmark.
Elected to the Federal District Board of Medicine, I served as its Internal Affairs Officer, the official who oversees ethics investigations and physician discipline, judging more than 105 ethics proceedings and authoring Opinion 01/2023 on the conflict between treating physician and court expert. The National Council of Justice later adopted it as the paradigm for implementing its Resolution 520/2023, and the Federal Council of Medicine nationalized it in 2025.
It takes months to learn how to write an expert report, and years to learn which arguments survive cross-examination.
Technology has run in parallel the whole way. I built Chat-Summary, an AI tool that summarizes, translates and transcribes large volumes of professional material, and I write about the collision of artificial intelligence, healthcare and law.
In 2026 I completed a Master in Law at the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, concentrating on health law and patient safety, and received the Matt Parker Award, the program's sole excellence prize. The goal is the same as it was in the emergency room: a healthcare system that is technologically advanced, ethically sound and legally fair.
Clinical practice, forensic expertise, institutional leadership and technology.
Master in Law (ML), 2024 to 2026, with a concentration in health law and patient safety. Sole recipient of the Master in Law program's excellence award. Speaker at Penn's AI Foresight Initiative and volunteer judge at the Drexel Kline Mock Trial Invitational.
Comparative medical-legal analysis of patient safety and medical error, and health-policy advocacy for immigrants in the Danish system, with International Patients in Denmark.
Elected unanimously. Leads professional policy and continuing education for the specialty; chapter reviewer of the Brazilian Body Damage Assessment Table, cited in 1,420+ court decisions.
Elected councilor from 2018 to 2023. From April 2022 to March 2023 served as Internal Affairs Officer (in Portuguese, Corregedor), the authority in charge of ethics investigations and discipline at the board: 105+ ethics proceedings judged, 40 board members supervised, author of Opinions 01/2023, 10/2022 and 20/2020. The Federal District court records a meeting with Dr. Mário Junqueira, Internal Affairs Officer of the board.
Appointed expert to the inquiry into systemic failure at a regional hospital. The final report quoted the conclusions of my expert report verbatim.
Testimony on monocular vision during Bill 1615/2019, which became Federal Law 14.126/2021, upheld by the Supreme Court in 2026.
Technical report establishing nursing negligence during a chemotherapy transfusion, instrumental to a high-value settlement.
More than 1,000 expert opinions in malpractice, occupational disease and disability disputes. Named in a Superior Court of Justice ruling that attributed public faith and impartiality to the expert report.
Clinical foundation, later complemented by seven medical postgraduate specializations, from forensic psychiatry to occupational medicine.
The Superior Court of Justice (STJ) is Brazil's highest court for federal, non-constitutional law. Its ruling in AREsp 1.360.323/DF cites the expert report by name, attributing to it public faith and impartiality. Labor courts in Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul cite PericialMed articles as sources.
Written as Internal Affairs Officer of the Federal District Board of Medicine, the equivalent of a US state medical board. First formal ethical rule in Brazil on the conflict between treating physician and court expert. Adopted by the National Council of Justice (CNJ), the body that governs Brazil's courts, for Resolution 520/2023 and nationalized by the Federal Council of Medicine in 2025.
Opinion 01/2023CNJ Resolution 520/2023CNJ manualCFM Resolution 2.430/2025
Senate testimony that helped recognize monocular vision as a disability in Brazil; the bill drew 108,288 votes on the Senate's e-Cidadania portal and the law was upheld by the Supreme Court in ADI 6850. Watch the testimony
A 52-page opinion for the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology grounded a federal ruling that reset safety standards for more than 400,000 dentists, covered on TV Globo's Jornal Nacional.
Chapter reviewer of the ABMLPM national table, the reference used by Brazilian experts to quantify bodily harm, cited in more than 1,420 court decisions.
Through PericialMed, in civil, labor and ethics proceedings across Brazil, plus cases in the United States and Denmark. Two PericialMed articles were cited by labor courts in Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, one by the judge on her own initiative.
National media coverage, peer-reviewed writing and talks in four countries.
Dr. Junqueira's expertise was fundamental to this case, which had a significant impact on the dental profession in Brazil. The court's decision, based on his technical opinion, helped standardize anesthesia practice in dental offices across the country.
I work in English and Portuguese, from Philadelphia and Brasília.
Medical error and patient safety, the medical expert in court, how Brazil regulates expert evidence, and AI in clinical and forensic practice. Recent talks at the University of Pennsylvania, in São Paulo and for an audience in India.
On-the-record commentary on medical malpractice, medical board discipline, disability law and health-tech regulation, with sources you can verify.
Comparative work on medical liability and expert evidence between Brazil and the United States, guest lectures and mock-trial judging.
Medical-legal consulting for litigation runs through PericialMed USA in the United States and PericialMed in Brazil.

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